Smart Study [スマートスタディ]

東大に受かる人が共通して出来る「ある問題」とは

あなたは「東大生」と聞くとどんなイメージを持ちますか?

・記憶力が普通の人よりも高そう
・計算スピードが尋常じゃなさそう
・元々ずっと天才だった人

こんなイメージがあるのではないでしょうか?

確かに、東大の中には物凄く頭の回転が早かったり、
暗記力が凄い人というのは実際います。

テレビなどで、そうした東大生が取り沙汰されているのを見ると

「やっぱり東大は天才しかいないんだな」

などと思ってしまいがちです。

高校時代の私もそう思っていました。

しかし、実際に入学して見ると
東大の中でもそうした人たちは実は少数派です。

東大生といえど、大半は「普通」の人が多いのです。

彼らの多くは思考の訓練など、後天的な努力を通じて
いわゆる「頭が良い」と言われる段階まで上り詰めた人だなと感じます。

では、どうやって『普通の人』が東大に行けるレベルまで頭が良くなったのか?

あなたが知りたいと思うのはきっとこの部分ではないでしょうか?

・「頭が良い」というのは結局どういうことなのか?
・「頭が悪い人」と「頭が良い人」、何が違うのか?
・どうやって東大生は頭が良くなったのか

東大生と話したり、私自身の経験を踏まえて
東大生が共通して持っている能力についてお話ししていこうと思います。

東大生が共通して持っている能力は「〇〇力」

東大の入学試験では全員が「英語」の試験を受験します。

その英語の第一問は必ず「要約」が出題されています。

この傾向は30年以上変わっていません

30年前というとロシア連邦の前身である「ソ連」が崩壊し、冷戦が集結した時期。
消費税がまだ3%しかなかった時期です。

そんな時期からずっと東大では「要約」が出題されているのですが、
東大合格者のほとんどはこの「要約」の能力が極めて高いです。

実際に、私の友人も

「要約は全ての科目に役に立つ。要約が出来ないと東大に受かるのは難しい」

こう話します。

実際、私自身も要約が出来るようになってから
全ての科目の成績がグッと伸びました。

今までずっとC判定だったのですが、30点ほど模試の点数が伸びて
初めてA判定をもらうことができました。

周りの友人などと話をしても要約を重要な要素として挙げる東大生は非常に多いと感じます。

そんな「要約」ですが、なぜ要約ができることが「頭の良さ」に直結するのでしょうか?

実際の問題を見ながら考えてみたいと思います。

あなたはこの問題解けますか?

あなたは下の文章を要約することはできますか?

15字程度で要約するとしたら、どうでしょうか?

Parrots are surprisingly intelligent birds. Everyone knows that parrots can copy human speech, but this is instinctive behavior which does not show intelligence. Parrots , however, quickly learn various tricks, such as turning somersaults, which are not all instinctive. In addition, they are very sensitive to small changes in their surrounding and to subtle changes in human mood. There are many stories of parrots alerting their sleeping owners to a fire, or responding to fear or anger in the people around them. The parrots’s intelligence make it by far the best companion, among the birds, for human beings.

*parrot…オウム

【和訳】
オウムは驚くほど賢い鳥です。オウムが人間の言葉を真似ることは誰でも知っていますが、これは本能的な行動で、知性を示すものではありません。しかし、オウムは、宙返りなど、本能的なものばかりではなく、さまざまな芸をすぐに覚えます。また、周囲の小さな変化や人間の微妙な気分の変化にとても敏感です。眠っている飼い主に火事を知らせたり、周囲の人の恐怖や怒りに反応したりと、オウムの活躍はさまざまなエピソードがあります。このようにオウムは知能が高いので、鳥類の中でも人間にとって最も優れたパートナーなのです。

要約する際に最も重要なことは

この段落・文章は何が言いたいのか?

を正確に把握することです。

この文章では、オウムが多様な芸を覚えることや
周囲の小さな変化や人間の感情の機微に気づけることなどを述べていますが、

結局何が言いたいのでしょうか?

それは一文目の「Parrots are surprisingly intelligent birds.」という部分ですよね。

オウムが多様な芸を覚えることや
周囲の小さな変化や人間の感情の機微に気づけること

これは全て、「オウムは驚くほど賢い鳥だ」ということの説明なわけです。

さて、こうした要約が出来るとなぜ、勉強が飛躍的にできるようになるのでしょうか?

なぜ、これができると勉強の成績が飛躍的に伸びるのか?

今のような要約がポンポンできるようになると、大きなメリットがあります。

それは情報の強弱が付けられるようになることです。

情報の強弱が判断できるということは

大事な情報はゆっくり確実に、そうでない情報はサッと読み流せるということ

つまり、読解であれば問題で問われそうな重要な部分はしっかり把握しつつ、
不要な部分は速く読み流せるので

問題に正確に答えられるようになり
問題文をかなり速く読めるようになるので

点数がグーっと上がるのです

要約ができない人の脳内とできる人の脳内は
こんな感じになっています。

なんとなく、書いてあることをザーッと追っていくだけの読み方と

「この文章はオウムが非常に賢いということが言いたいんだな」

そう思いながら文章を読むのでは大きな差がありますよね。

このように「構造化」して読む癖をつけることが出来れば

国語のような読解問題も英語の長文でも
今までと景色が180°変わって見えるようになるでしょう。

東大に受かる人たちはこのような読み方・情報の受け取り方を
自然にできる人たちが非常に多いです。

なので、是非あなたも「要約力」をつけて
勉強に取り組むと成果が出ると思います!

お読みいただきありがとうございました。

さて、ここまで読んでいただいたあなたに提案があるのですが…。

1ヶ月、あなたの勉強を無料で東大生や東大卒の先輩に見てもらいませんか?

Smart Studyでは東大をはじめとする難関大学を志望する高校生・高卒生を対象に

オンラインで、1対1のコーチングを行うことで、あなたの勉強の舵取りをする、そんなサービスです。

もし、少しでも興味があれば、是非公式サイトを覗いてみてくださいね!

覗いてみる


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