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スラスラ英語が書けるようになる!和文英訳攻略法

「その食料の保存は常温で問題ありませんよ」

あなたはこれ、英語に訳すことができますか?

私の経験上ですが、80%くらいの受験生は

「『保存』って何ていうんだっけ?」
「『常温』の単語が分からない…」
「『食料』って単数系?複数系?」

と悩みます。

そもそも文章が思いつかないタイプの人たち。

これを読んでいるあなたは恐らくこのフェーズはクリアしているでしょう。

しかし、このフェーズを超えられた人が次にやりがちなミスがこれです。

それは、単語は分かるけど、めちゃめちゃな英語になるパターン

例えば、preserve(保存する)・常温(room temperature)・食料(food)が分かっているけど、恐らくこんな文章になるはずです。

There is no problem with preservation of food at room temperature.

確かにこの文章は英語として文法的には成立していますが、現地の人はこんな言い方しないでしょうし、上手な英作文という印象を与えることもできません。

さらに文構造を思いついたとしても、先ほど申し上げた通り、

room temperature(常温)を知らなかったら?
preserve(保存する)のスペルが分からなかったら?
There isの使い方、本当にそれであってる?

など、ミスをする危険性が多いので再現性がある解答とは言えないでしょう。

「じゃあ、どうすれば確実にスラスラと和文英訳ができるようになるのか?」

それが今回お話しするテーマです。

そもそもなぜ、和文英訳が必要なのか?

具体的な方法をお伝えする前に、そもそもなぜ、英語の試験で和文英訳が出題されると思いますか?

和文英訳は英語の試験、とりわけ書く能力を見る試験なので、

正しい英語が書けるか?

という部分を大学側は見ていることになります。

また英作文の場合、採点官の多くは外国人(英語が母国語の教官)と言われています。

つまり、ここでいう正しい英語というのは

・文法的に間違っていない
・英語で実際に使われるような自然な表現
・その他、スペルや単複のミスがない

ような英語を指します。

この中で特に忘れられがちなのが、「英語で実際に使われるような自然な表現を使う」という部分。

どんなに文法的に合っていようと、現地の人目線で、「この表現は使わないなあ」と思われたら、それでおしまいなのです。

なので、私たちは文法的にあっているというだけでなく、現地の人が見て「この人は英語できるね!」と思ってもらう表現を使う必要があるということになります。

では、どうしたら「この人は英語できるね!」と思ってもらえる英作文を書くことができるのでしょうか?

全受験生必見!和文英訳が格段に上手になる方法

それは、

日本語を日本語に再翻訳すること

です。

「何を言っているのか分からない」

と思ったことでしょう。確かにこのままだと何が言いたいのか分かりませんよね。

具体的に見てみましょう。

日本語を日本語に再翻訳するというのは

「その食料の保存は常温で問題ありませんよ」

この文章を全く別の表現で言い換えるということです。

例えば、簡単な例でいくと

「その食料は20C°くらいで保存できます」とか。

これなら、You can preserve the food at about 20C°

と最初の文章よりも簡単に書けます。

そうです、この「日本語を日本語に再翻訳する」最大の目的は

自分が英語を作れるレベルの簡単な日本語にしてあげることにあるのです。

「常温」という単語が分からなくても「大体20C°くらい」なら意味は同じですが、書けますよね?

これが和文英訳で最も重要なことです。

もっと例をあげるとこんな大胆な変え方でもいいです。

「その食料の保存は常温で問題ありませんよ」
常温以外での食料の保存方法といえば、一般的には冷蔵しかないので、

「その食料を冷蔵庫に入れる必要はありません」としてもOKです。

You don’t have to put the food in the refrigerator.

you don’t have to ~(あなたは〜する必要はない)
put A in B(AをBに入れる)

この文章なら、あなたが熟語で散々覚えたようなテンプレ表現を使うこともできます。

「そんなことしていいの?」と思われるかもしれません。しかし何度も言いますが、和文英訳はあなたの英語力を見る試験です。

問題文の日本語に忠実か?よりもはるかに

伝わる上手な英語が書けているか?

の方が大事なわけです。

英語力を見る試験なのですから。

出された文章をそのまま英語にするのではなく

出された文章をあなたが英語で書ける日本語に無理やり持っていく

これが和文英訳の一番の秘訣です。

まとめると

さて、今日の話をまとめると、

和文英訳は自分の使える表現が使えるように自分なりに言い換えることが大事ということでした!

英語の日々の学習に役立ててほしいなと思います。
また読んでいただけたら幸いです。

もし、

・和文英訳の学習法についてもっと詳細を聞きたい
・自分の勉強法が正しいのか不安に感じている
・実際に東大生・東大卒の先輩に勉強の相談をし
たい

こんな悩みを抱えているのであれば、

1ヶ月、あなたの勉強を東大生や東大卒の先輩に見てもらいませんか?

Smart Studyでは東大をはじめとする難関大学を志望する高校生・高卒生を対象に

オンラインで、1対1のコーチングを行うことで、あなたの勉強の舵取りをする、そんなサービスです。

もし、少しでも興味があれば、是非公式サイトを覗いてみてくださいね!

覗いてみる

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