・東大を目指したいけど国語が苦手
・問題集を解いたり予備校の授業は受けてるけど、あまり得意にならない
・どう国語を勉強すれば東大レベルの力がつくのか分からない
もし、あなたがこのような悩みを抱えているとしたら、この記事はきっとあなたの役に立てると思います。
今回は国語の勉強法に関して
0から東大までのロードマップについてお話ししようと思います。
これを読めば、国語のどの部分に取り組んだら良いか分かるようになるはずです。
その前に…
以前受験対策ピラミッドを紹介しました。

受験生のパフォーマンスは大枠このようになっており、
それぞれのフェーズにあった勉強の仕方が必要、というものです。
そして、これを国語で当てはめるとこうなります。

まずはこの図を頭に入れることが大事です。
この図を思い浮かべながら、「自分は今どのフェーズにいるのか?」現在地を見失わないようにしましょう。
では、それぞれのフェーズについて見ていきましょう。
フェーズ1:古文単語・漢文句法・漢字など

まずは基礎からです。
その前に是非覚えていただきたいポイントがあります。
それは、勉強の優先度としては
古文・漢文>現代文
ということです。
古文・漢文は基礎さえ固めてしまえば、ある程度点数が安定しやすい科目になりますが、
現代文は模試や講師によって採点方法や問題の質が異なるため、古文や漢文と比較して現代文で安定的に点数をとるのはなかなか難しいです。
また、現代文は過去問ですら、各予備校や出版社で解答が分かれているものもあります。
東大の採点基準も不明確です。なので、解答を一義的に決定しやすい古文・漢文をしっかり固めることが非常に重要になります。
古文・漢文で点数のベースを作り、現代文で上乗せしていくイメージですね。
さて、話を戻しましょう。
まずは、古文であれば、古文単語と文法、
漢文であれば主に句法、現代文は漢字をしっかりとマスターしましょう。
漢文や漢字に関してはその気になれば1週間で終わるほどの分量なので、受験シーズンが始まる前にささっと基礎を仕上げてしまうと良いでしょう。
フェーズ2:古文・漢文の文法など

次にフェーズ2です。
「あれ、現代文はないの?」
そう思われたかもしれません。
ここで、現代文に関する不都合な事実をお話ししましょう。
現代文という科目の特性の話です。
現代文という科目は
良くも悪くもその人の思考力・頭の良さに比例する科目。
つまり、あなたの思考力が非常に高ければ、特に現代文の勉強に力を入れなくてもある程度点数が取れてしまいますが、
逆に、思考力が低いと、いくら演習やテクニックを学んだとしても努力に見合う点数の上昇は期待できません。
批判を恐れず言うなら、現代文という科目は、「頭の良さに応じて勝手に伸びる科目」なのです。
以上の理由からフェーズ2に現代文は含めていません。
さて、話を戻しましょう。フェーズ2の古文・漢文の文法などです。
ここは端的に言ってしまうと
読解の文章を読めるようになるために、まずは1文をしっかり読めるようになろう
ということです。
具体的には、現代語訳をできるようにすることが重要です。
東大レベルの英語力養成に必要な3つの力でもお話ししていますが、単語文法の習得→一文読解→長文読解という流れは語学全てで共通です。
フェーズ3:実戦問題集(現古漢)

さて、ここからは実戦的な問題演習です。
古文や漢文、現代文の文章を読んで実際に問題に答えるのが必要になります。
古文や漢文は市販の問題集であれば基本的に何でも良いと思います。
また、先ほど、現代文は質がものによって大きく変わると言いましたが、
市販の問題集を買ったりするくらいなら、北海道大学の現代文の過去問を解くことをお勧めします。
というのも大学側が公表している解答があるのと、問題自体も良質なものが多いからです。
特に大学側が解答を公表している、というのがポイントで、
難関国立大が受験生にどんな解答を求めているのかを直接知ることができます。
なので、問題集で迷っているなら北海道大学の過去問を演習に使うことをお勧めします。
フェーズ4はお馴染み、過去問です。
東大の国語は数学や英語と比較すると、はるかに点数が安定しやすい科目です。
逆にいえば、安定するが故に、他の人と大きく差がつかない、
差がつけられたら大変な科目なので、
基礎をしっかり固めて確実に点数を稼ぐ
という姿勢で挑んでいきましょう。
まとめると

さて、今日の話をまとめると
・古漢でベースを作り、現代文で得点を上乗せする
・まずは単語・文法・漢字など基礎を固める
・その上で一文を確実に現代語訳できるようにする
・実戦問題集で文章を読めるようにする
・最後は過去問で仕上げをする
でした!
国語の日々の学習に役立ててほしいなと思います。
また読んでいただけたら幸いです。
もし、
・国語の学習法についてもっと詳細を聞きたい
・自分の勉強法が正しいのか不安に感じている
・実際に東大生・東大卒の先輩に勉強の相談をしたい
こんな悩みを抱えているのであれば、
1ヶ月、あなたの勉強を東大生や東大卒の先輩に見てもらいませんか?
Smart Studyでは東大をはじめとする難関大学を志望する高校生・高卒生を対象に
オンラインで、1対1のコーチングを行うことで、あなたの勉強の舵取りをする、そんなサービスです。
もし、少しでも興味があれば、是非公式サイトを覗いてみてくださいね!
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