Smart Study [スマートスタディ]

古文読解が苦手?ならコレ!

先日、こんな相談を受けました。

古文が苦手です。単語はある程度読めるようになったのですが、文章になると読めません。どうすればいいでしょうか?」

古文の文章が読めないというのは彼に限った話ではありません。

かくいう私も、受験生時代は古文が一番の苦手科目でした。

しかし、浪人期の試行錯誤を経て、「古文が苦手」から「東大の問題がある程度解ける」状態まで持っていくことができました。

そこで今回は、古文の文章を読めるようにするにはどうすれば良いか?

についてお話ししていこうと思います。

古文の読解に必要なのはまず「細部」

相談をしに来た彼の場合、確かに単語はある程度理解しているようでした。

しかし、問題を解いてもらうと、気になる点がありました。

それは、「全体は何となく読めているが、細部が理解できていない」

という点でした。

文章としておおよそ何を言っているのか?

は分かるのですが、細かい問題の解答を書こうとすると、できない

つまり、細部が読めていないというわけです。

全体の内容を俯瞰して捉えるという能力ももちろん大事なのですが、

細部をしっかりと読み込む能力も非常に重要です。

しかも、多くの受験生が細部を読み込む能力が足りない、という印象を受けます。

なので、古文の文章を読めるようになるためにはまず、

一文をしっかりと理解する力が必要になります。

受験対策のピラミッドにおける二段目の部分になります。

一文を理解できるようにするというのは具体的に

・主語は誰か?
・助動詞のこの場合の意味は?
・副詞はどこに掛かっているのか?

など、現代語訳ができるレベルで一文の構造・意味を理解できるようにすることです。

これができれば、段々読めないということが減っていくはずです。

なぜ、「一文解釈」が重要なのか?

では、なぜ、細部をきちっと読める「一文解釈」が重要なのでしょうか?

それは、

多くの問題が根拠部分を現代語訳しただけで解ける

ようになっているからです。

古文の場合、現代語訳・知識問題を除けば、9割が

・どういうことか?
・なぜか?

という問題です。

両方の問題に共通しているのが

傍線部の近くに必ず根拠がある、という点です。

なので、根拠が明示されている部分さえ分かってしまえば、

あとは

該当部分の現代語訳+足りない要素があれば補う

これで解答の大枠を作ることができます。

なので、

・全体の流れを追う
・その中で、解答の根拠になり部分はきちっと解釈する

この2つが古文の読解には欠かせないのです。

古文の解釈力を高めるならコレ!

では、具体的に、古文の解釈力を上げるにはどうすれば良いのでしょうか?

結論から言ってしまうと、この参考書に取り組むことをオススメします。

・古文解釈の方法(関谷 浩・駿台文庫)

https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%88%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95-%E9%A7%BF%E5%8F%B0%E5%8F%97%E9%A8%93%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA-%E9%96%A2%E8%B0%B7-%E6%B5%A9/dp/4796115056/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_ja_JP=%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A&crid=20BI8BGJPVCW3&keywords=%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%88%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95&qid=1653608614&sprefix=%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%88%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%2Caps%2C220&sr=8-1

この参考書では、古文解釈の仕方のイロハについて詳細に書かれています。

文法の知識を振り返りつつ、それを読解にどう活かすか?

そのレベルまで昇華させてくれるので、是非古文で悩んでいる人は取り組んでみて欲しいと思います。

まとめると

さて、今日のお話をまとめると

・古文読解にはまず一文解釈が大事
・一文解釈が出来ると解答の精度が上がる
・一文解釈を練習するには「古文解釈の方法」に取り組む

でした!

あなたの古文の学習に役立てていただければと思います。
また読んでいただけたら幸いです。

もし、

・古文の学習法についてもっと詳細を聞きたい
・自分の勉強法が正しいのか不安に感じている
・実際に東大生・東大卒の先輩に勉強の相談をしたい

こんな悩みを抱えているのであれば、

1ヶ月、あなたの勉強を東大生や東大卒の先輩に見てもらいませんか?

Smart Studyでは東大をはじめとする難関大学を志望する高校生・高卒生を対象に

オンラインで、1対1のコーチングを行うことで、あなたの勉強の舵取りをする、そんなサービスです。

もし、少しでも興味があれば、是非公式サイトを覗いてみてくださいね!

覗いてみる

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